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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The signs
and symptoms associated with myalgia and/or myofascitis include
- Muscle pain
- Muscle stiffness
- Muscle hypertonicity
- Muscle spasms
- Muscle shortening
CAUSES
The most common causes of myalgia and myofascitis are overuse, injury and
chronic stress. Occupations or hobbies which require repetitive actions can tax
muscles and lead to inflammation and pain. However, myalgia can also be caused
by diseases, disorders, medication use, and as the response of a vaccination.
It may also be associated with chemical withdrawal states.
Autoimmune causes of myalgia include:- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Myosits
- Lupus erythematous
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Devic’s disease
- Morphea
Metabolic causes of myalgia include: - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency,
- Conn's syndrome
- Adrenal insufficiency
Other causes of
myalgia include:- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Low potassium (hypokalemia)
- Low calcium (hypocalcemia)
- Exercise intolerance
- Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
- Fibromyalgia
- Delayed onset muscle soreness
Medications which may contribute to myalgia include:- Aldara
- Acrylamide
- Darbepoetin
- Isotretinoin
- Gardasil
- Procainamide
- Quinupristin/dalfopristin
- Spiriva
- Sumatriptan
- Vardenafil
- Statins (Lipitor)
- Zetia
- Zomig
- Boniva
- Pegetron
RISK FACTORS
The risk
factors include those medications and diseases which cause or contribute to
muscle and/or myofascial inflammation. The most common risk factors are muscle
overuse and injury. Subsequently, risk factors include participation in high
risk activities and sports which may lead to muscle injury. Spinal facet
syndrome, spinal stenosis and intervertebral disc herniation can lead to
reactive muscle spasm or guarding around the in the involved spinal region
leading to myalgia. Spinal segment dysfunction can lead to local muscle
discomfort.
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