TREATMENT

As with many disorders of the spinal cord, no effective cure currently exists for people with transverse myelitis. Treatments are designed to manage and alleviate symptoms and largely depend upon the severity of neurological involvement. Therapy generally begins when the patient first experiences symptoms. Physicians often prescribe corticosteroid therapy during the first few weeks of illness to decrease inflammation. Although no clinical trials have investigated whether corticosteroids alter the course of transverse myelitis, these drugs often are prescribed to reduce immune system activity because of the suspected autoimmune mechanisms involved in the disorder. Corticosteroid medications that might be prescribed may include methylprednisone or dexamethasone. General analgesia will likely be prescribed for any pain the patient may have. Bedrest is often recommended during the initial days and weeks after onset of myelitis.

Following initial therapy, the most critical part of the treatment for this disorder consists of keeping the patient’s body functioning while hoping for either complete or partial spontaneous recovery of the nervous system. This may sometimes require placing the patient on a respirator. Patients with acute symptoms, such as paralysis, are most often treated in a hospital or in a rehabilitation facility where a specialized medical team can prevent or treat problems that afflict paralyzed patients. Often, even before recovery begins, caregivers may be instructed to move patients’ limbs manually to help keep the muscles flexible and strong, and to reduce the likelihood of pressure sores developing in immobilized areas. Physical therapy should be initiated in an attempt to begin to help improve muscle strength, coordination, and range of motion. It is important to identify and  treat the underlying cause if possible.

PREVENTION

The best way to prevent severe and permanent complications from myelitis is to recognize signs and symptoms early and to seek timely diagnosis and treatment.

The best way to prevent neck and back pain and to prevent progressive spine compromise is to become familiar with how your spine works and to become an active participant in your spinecare. It is important to learn how to choose a spinecare specialist and to recognize an efficient spinecare team. There are many steps you can take and habits you can develop to better care for your spine and prevent spine injury. It is also important that you learn more about your spine disorder and become aware of the signs and symptoms that warrant intervention and follow up care. Early detection and timely intervention is generally associated with better treatment outcome.