SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Facet arthropathy can be asymptomatic. It is not uncommon for there to be intermittent symptomatology when inflammation occurs at the involved joint. The most common symptom associated with facet arthropathy is localized pain in the region of the involved joint or joints. This may be accompanied by reactive muscle spasm (guarding) around the involved segment of the spine.

• May be asymptomatic
• Mechanical (positional) pain
• Radiculopathy (spinal nerve compromise)
• Myelopathy (Spinal cord compromise)
• Spondylolithesis (excessive movement)

CAUSES

Facet arthropathy is often preceded by degenerative (hypertrophic) inflammatory changes of the synovial membranes. If occurs most commonly in the lower cervical spine and lower lumbar spine. It is more uncommon in the thoracic region (mid back). Microscopic changes include excessive bone formation (hypertrophy) as well as cracking and fissuring of the joint cartilage. The condition may be related to excessive joint wear and tear in an otherwise predisposed (susceptible) individual.

RISK FACTORS

• Osteoarthritis
• Joint injury
• Obesity
• Recurrent microtrauma (repetitive stress)
•  Degenerative disc disease
• Advanced or progressive scoliosis